21 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Causes of Hypertension ... Secondary Causes ... Renovascular disease (unilateral ... and bilateral renal ... excess (Cushing syndrome
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
• Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... • Bilateral RAS ... coarctation • Unilateral ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
more than 7mm • Unilateral ... Mydriasis • Bilateral ... less than 2mm • Unilateral ... , uveitis) • Bilateral ... Neuro: Pontine hemorrhage
Unilateral Fixed Dilated Pupil - Differential Diagnosis Framework
If Altered Mental Status - Consider Oculomotor (3rd cranial
Unilateral Fixed ... , lntracranial hypertension ... , lntracranial hemorrhage ... no neurological cause ... abnormalities #Unilateral
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Headache: • Unilateral ... Headache: • Bilateral ... Headache: • Always unilateral ... - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ... #differential #causes
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
photophobia - Bilateral ... headache: - Bilateral ... or unilateral photophobia ... - Unilateral ... #Neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - ... abdominal CT, Bilateral ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Secondary #Hypertension
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... - subarachnoid hemorrhage ... closure glaucoma: unilateral ... artery dissection: unilateral ... thrombophilia, neurologic
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... disease - Hypertensive ... tubular necrosis (causes ... usually requires bilateral
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Sciatica: often bilateral ... infections • primary ... Examination - bilateral ... or unilateral lower ... #neurology