11 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential Diagnosis ... time (urinary or GI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... FEPO4 < 5%: • GI ... #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Mechanism Decreased GI ... hypomagnesemia Excessive GI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... hyperchloremia - GI ... GI Loss of HCO3 ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... Hypovolemic (H2O loss): GI ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Decreased GI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Vomiting, Diarrhea, GI ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Increased Loss: • GI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Pathophysiology: ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... Classification: ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis ... Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... Person Syndrome - Diagnosis ... antibody that works ... Management #treatment #neurology