409 results
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
mechanisms like hormonal ... of antidiuretic hormone ... and parathyroid hormone ... #hypokalemia #hypocalcemia ... #hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... = parathyroid hormone ... PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related ... #Hypercalcemia #
Hypocalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone.)

#Hypocalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypocalcemia Evaluation ... = parathyroid hormone ... #Hypocalcemia #Evaluation
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... PTH, parathyroid hormone ... Pathophys #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... ) Parathyroid hormone–independent ... - Parathyroid hormone–related
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Parathyroid #Hormone
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... - Parathyroid hormone ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
the workup of hypercalcemia ... presenting with hypercalcemia ... of parathyroid hormone ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia