15 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ventilation/perfusion ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
VIQ mismatch and shunt ... lung diseases, pulmonary ... asthma, COPD, pulmonary ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, atrial
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cava syndrome • Shunt ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... Pleura: • Pleural effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... - Physiologic Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
1) or anatomic shunt ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... scanning or pulmonary
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Thrombosis - Atherosclerosis, Arterial Dissection, Fibromuscular Dysplasia
 - Large
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Valvular • Atrial ... infarction • Pulmonary ... • Pericardial effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm