30 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Right to Left Shunt ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... VIQ mismatch and shunt ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, atrial ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
the Newborn - Differential ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... Cyanosis #Newborn #Differential
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Chronic Dyspnea - Differential ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... #Dyspnea #SOB #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #hypoxemia #differential
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Alkalosis • Shunt ... Hemorrhage • Impaired Diffusion ... Hypoxemia #hypoxia #Differential
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential ... cava syndrome • Shunt ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... Pleura: • Pleural effusion ... 2LmUODZ #Dyspnea #Differential
Mediastinal Widening - Differential Diagnosis

 • Vascular: Aortic dissection, Aortic anourysm, Enlarged pulmonary arteries, Venous or
Mediastinal Widening - Differential ... anourysm, Enlarged pulmonary ... arteries, Venous or arterial ... Pneumomediastinum, Pericardial effusion ... Mediastinal #Widening #Differential