192 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension ... hyalinization causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... of Hypertension ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... #Hypertension #
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... Long DDx: hypertension ... Spots #fundoscopy #ophthalmology ... #Clinical
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... retinopathy) #Clinical ... #Ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Pathogenesis and clinical findings

#CentralRetinalVein #Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology #ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renovascular or endocrine causes ... Causes: • Vascular ... #Workup #causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... of Hypertension ... based on repeat clinic ... withdrawal Anatomic Causes ... RAS Metabolic Causes
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... Hyperactivity: Hypertension ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
Subjective Tinnitus: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Subjective Tinnitus - Perceived sound with no acoustic stimulus, heard only
Pathogenesis and clinical ... refers to sound caused ... #Tinnitus #Causes ... #pathophysiology