713 results
Anosmia / Smell Dysfunction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Nasal Obstruction/ URTI:
 • Septal Deviation
 • Allergic Rhinitis
Diabetes Mellitus • Adrenal ... Hypofunction ... • Adrenal Hyperfunction
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
Hormone • MRI of adrenal ... endocrinology #Adrenal ... #Hyperfunction
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Congenital Adrenal ... resistance • Adrenal ... Reproductive: Gonadal hypofunction ... subfertility, Adrenal ... CAH #Congenital #Adrenal
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... • Congenital adrenal ... Addison's/congenital adrenal ... high: • Post-renal
Medications associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

First-generation and second-generation antipsychotics are dopamine receptor antagonists, which produce a
of dopaminergic hypofunction
Adrenal Crisis
Do not confuse acute adrenal crisis with Addison disease. In 1855, Thomas Addison described a
Adrenal Crisis ... confuse acute adrenal ... syndrome of long-term adrenal ... contrast, an acute adrenal ... be a cause of adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Damage of the adrenal ... aldosterone Causes of Adrenal ... Tuberculosis: can cause adrenal ... melanoma Bilateral Adrenal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... Hypothyroidism, adrenal
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Common causes: • Renal ... evaluate cause of renal ... h of infusion Adrenal ... CT scan, adrenal ... • Congenital adrenal