289 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic ... deficit: - Type I DM ... produced - Type II DM ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
agent • Does not cause ... hypoglycemia ... mL/minute/1.73 m2 ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
Diabetes Morning Hyperglycemia - Dawn Phenomenon vs Somogyi Effect 

When patients FBG's are elevated each morning
Diabetes Morning Hyperglycemia ... insulin levels causes ... a natural hyperglycemia ... and wake up with hyperglycemia ... response to the hypoglycemia
Causes of Prolonged Emergence - Anesthesiology

Prolonged Drug Action:
• Overdose 
• Hypothermia (< 33 C) 
• Incr
Causes of Prolonged ... Metabolic Causes ... endocrine • Hypoglycemia ... / hyperglycemia ... Anesthesiology #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... • Metabolic: Hypoglycemia ... , Hyperglycemia, ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diabetes Pathophysiology and Medication Targets

The ominous octet is one concept that summarizes the different pathophysiologic pathways
Diabetes Pathophysiology ... the different pathophysiologic ... pathways that lead to hyperglycemia ... #Diabetes #Pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... Metabolic • Hypoglycemia ... • Hyperglycemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
- Chronic hyperglycemia ... be the primary cause ... hyperfiltration - Hyperglycemia ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Recurrent severe hypoglycemia ... relative with DM2 ... associated with DM ... • Secondary Causes ... Management #algorithm #DM2
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... medication use, and hyperglycemia ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes