10 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
, Pathophysiology ... #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology #HFrEF ... #HFpEF #CHF
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure # ... Staging #Classification
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure ... #cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential Diagnosis ... #High #Output #HeartFailure ... #CHF #Pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
patients with a diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure # ... #Stages #Classes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology ... #diagnosis #comparison
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
status NTM Cause ... massiliense in CF ... Hematologic malignancy ... gastrointestinal symptoms ... • Clinical (Symptoms