11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... #Types #Renal #stones ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... - Metabolic acidosis ... → Syncope • Signs ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Causes of Kidney Stones ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #
Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

The probable cause is one or more of: something
Increase fresh gas flow ... Hypovolaemia Hypo/hyperkalaemia ... toxicity (→ 3-10) Acidosis ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #Differential ... #Anesthesiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Anisocoria + Coma → high ... Motor/Sensory: • Tone ... • Examine for signs ... #PhysicalExam #neurology