9 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... deficit - Salt-losing ... #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... hypokalemic salt-losing ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... pulmonary edema ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Segment Elevation - Differential ... downsloping - Coving ... QRS complex Pulmonary ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... weeks following an acute
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... acetaminophen dosing ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
with presence of pulmonary ... coronary syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential ... cardiology #treatment #table ... heartfailure #chf #criticalcare