246 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
water Extrarenal hypotonic ... salt intake: • Hypertonic ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic ... Urologic irrigants Hypotonic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
, Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Hypothyroidism Hypertonic ... causes #nephrology #sodium
Visualizing Hypotonic Hyponatremia

 • UNa reveals RAAS activity.
 • UOsm reveals ADH activity.
 • ADH secretion
Visualizing Hypotonic ... COREIMpodcast #Hypotonic ... nephrology #diagnosis #sodium
Acute Hyperkalemia Management
 • Membrane Stabilization: Calcium Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
 • Shifters: Insulin
Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic ... Excreters: Furosemide, Sodium ... Bicarbonate, Sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic ... have a case of hypotonic ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #Physiologic #Hypotonic ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Treatment of Hyperkalemia
Membrane Stabilization
 • Calcium Gluconate (10%)
 • Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
Shifters:
 • Insulin (Short
Gluconate (10%) • Hypertonic ... Furosemide • Sodium ... Bicarbonate • Sodium
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... hours. 2) Serum sodium ... Increase in sodium ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Hyponatremia Hypertonic ... after infusion of Hypertonic ... including the hypertonic ... algorithm #treatment #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic