2887 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water Extrarenal hypotonic ... salt intake: • Hypertonic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... rarely the sole cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... radiocontrast, hypertonic ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... Classification #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Goals and limits for treatment of Hyponatremia Stratified by duration and risk of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Syndrome (ODS) Acute Hypotonic ... mL boluses of hypertonic ... time, followed by hypertonic ... Otherwise, hypertonic ... normalization Chronic Hypotonic
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... administration Hypertonic ... Primary polydipsia Hypotonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic ... Urologic irrigants Hypotonic
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Intrapartum Abnormal Fetal HR Tracing - Causes of Variability & Decelerations - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Minimal/Absent Variability
Fetal HR Tracing - Causes ... saturation • Hypertonic ... deceleration: • Hypertonic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... will increase potassium ... , which is why potassium