15 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... in kidneys) - Medications ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Differential Diagnosis ... stenosis • Hypertrophic ... depletion - Medication ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
Hypertension, LV hypertrophy ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... Digoxin toxicity Symptoms ... 300 = NSVT EKG ... #PVCs #PVC #diagnosis
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ... voltage Other Causes ... #differential #diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... disorders including hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #indications
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... are not caused ... (e.g. incidental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... the underlying cause
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
40% of patients diagnosed ... to produce all classes ... antibodies) -> Complete ... immunity Signs/Symptoms ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology