1021 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Volume Status Hypervolemic ... SIADH Renal hypovolemic ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give ... volume Hypervolemic ... treat underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... resuscitation if hypovolemic ... #criticalcare #treatment ... diuresis #nephrology #algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic Shock ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm