4879 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Volume Status Hypervolemic ... SIADH Renal hypovolemic ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic ... - Give volume Hypervolemic ... treat underlying cause ... Stress, Nausea,
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... nephrogenic) • Hypervolemic
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic Shock ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Shock and Hypotension - Differential 

- Cardiogenic
- Hypovolemic
- Distributive
- Obstructive

M. Daniyal Hashmi, MD @MDaniyalHashmi1

#Shock #Hypotension #Differential
Cardiogenic - Hypovolemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes