1425 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... nephrogenic) • Hypervolemic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Volume Status - Hypervolemic ... Hypodipsia - Renal hypovolemic ... - Extrarenal hypovolemic ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic ... - Give volume Hypervolemic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal ... Type4 #Distal #Hyperkalemic ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... Diagnosis #Management #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Diagnosis Algorithm • Hyperkalemic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology