673 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... , Ingestion Renal ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Volume Status Hypervolemic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hypovolemic hyponatremia ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... Urine Na > 30: Renal
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Volume Status - Hypervolemic ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... hypovolemic hypernatremia ... - Extrarenal hypovolemic
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Renal Failure ... Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... - GI losses, renal ... • Hypervolemic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... extra-renal volume ... - fevers • renal ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... nephrotic syndrome • renal
Renal Tubular Disorders

 • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1)
 • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Renal Tubular Disorders ... • Distal Renal ... ) • Proximal Renal ... Acidosis (Type 2) • Hyperkalemic ... Renal Tubular Acidosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis Algorithm • Hyperkalemic ... RTA • RTA of renal ... Type 2 RTA #RTA #Renal
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... type 2) RTA • Hyperkalemic ... 4) RTA #rta #Renal