9 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... pseudohyponatremia • hyperglycemia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... investigations abnormal ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
infarction, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia ... be secondary to diabetic ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Occasional sighs ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... drips unless also diabetic ... provided the starting potassium ... #diagnosis #differential
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... Renal Imaging: - Normal ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Metabolic myopathies: Hypoglycemia ... dystrophies Work ... #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Monitor hypoglycemia ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology