9 results
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Altered Mental Status ... Differential Diagnosis • Neurologic ... encephalopathy, Hypoglycemia ... Encephalitis, Abscess ... #Mental #Status
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
pseudohyponatremia • hyperglycemia ... Assess volume status ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
mental status ... mental status ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia ... or hyperglycemia ... nervous system abscess ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... Puncture, EEG Treatment ... Secondary prevention (statin ... for CVA) By ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin (DM ... Optimize volume status ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Monitor hypoglycemia ... #potassium #nephrology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
lesions of the central ... Infectious: Brain abscess ... Metabolic myopathies: Hypoglycemia ... toxins: Steroids, Statins ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary
Indications (AIEOU):
 • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
causing severe altered ... mental status, ... • Vascular Access ... a non-tunneled CVC ... RRT #managment #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Antimicrobial treatment ... Fever, headache, altered ... mental status, ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology