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There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
also present with Hypoglycemia ... you risk causing Hypoglycemia ... DKA is essentially ... ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemia ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
- Is there an insulin-like ... Insulin - Is it ... insulin? ... → Exogenous Insulin ... Algorithm #workup #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... transfusions), ↓insulin ... (DM, DKA, octreotide ... Treatments: • Insulin ... Monitor hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
Hypoglycemia Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Ab - Insulin Autoimmune ... + Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypoglycemia Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Features of hypoglycemia:
 • Neurogenic: Tremor, Palpitations, Anxiety, Arousal, Sweating, Hunger,
Hypoglycemia Differential ... Diagnosis and Management ... episode: • Insulin ... • Glucose • Insulin ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia
Evaluation of Hypoglycemia
Patients with known diabetes who are not systemically ill and can
Differential Diagnosis ... Other studies: insulin ... C-peptide, pro-insulin ... cortisol, B-OH, insulin ... antibodies #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... HHS) Absolute Insulin ... Type I DM: No insulin ... food binges, etc Hyperglycemia ... Polydipsia #dka
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... ) DKA is a result ... depletion and hyperglycemia ... In DKA, the normal ... abnormalities, including hyperglycemia
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
and Euglycemic DKA ... for euglycemic DKA ... • Increased insulin ... and surgery) • Insulin ... alcohol consumption Diagnostic
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
DKA vs HHS - Think ... of DKA and HHS ... emergencies - HHS = insulin ... restart any home insulin ... comparison #laboratory #diagnosis