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There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
also present with Hypoglycemia ... you risk causing Hypoglycemia ... DKA is essentially ... ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemia ... differential #algorithm #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin ... (DM, DKA, octreotide ... Treatments: • Insulin ... Give D50 before insulin ... Monitor hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
- Is there an insulin-like ... → Non-insulin/lGF-mediated ... Insulin - Is it ... insulin? ... → Exogenous Insulin
Hypoglycemia Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Features of hypoglycemia:
 • Neurogenic: Tremor, Palpitations, Anxiety, Arousal, Sweating, Hunger,
Hypoglycemia Differential ... Diagnosis and Management ... episode: • Insulin ... • Glucose • Insulin ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
Hypoglycemia Workup ... Ab - Insulin Autoimmune ... demand causes hypoglycemia ... fast to trigger hypoglycemic ... Medicine @SCVMCMed #Hypoglycemia
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... HHS) Absolute Insulin ... Type I DM: No insulin ... food binges, etc Hyperglycemia ... Polydipsia #dka
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... ) DKA is a result ... depletion and hyperglycemia ... In DKA, the normal ... abnormalities, including hyperglycemia
Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia
Evaluation of Hypoglycemia
Patients with known diabetes who are not systemically ill and can
Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia ... Evaluation of Hypoglycemia ... Other studies: insulin ... C-peptide, pro-insulin ... cortisol, B-OH, insulin
Pathophysiology and Effects of Insulin Deficiency

#Insulin #Deficiency #DKA #Ketoacidosis #Diabetes #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
and Effects of Insulin ... Deficiency #Insulin ... #Deficiency #DKA
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
and Euglycemic DKA ... for euglycemic DKA ... • Increased insulin ... and surgery) • Insulin ... Consideration of insulin