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differential algorithm low hyperkalemia hyponatremia table high barre cardiology deficiency encephalopathy guillain hypermagnesemia medications pharmacology rhabdomyolysis rheumatology alkalosis anesthesia anesthesiology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... #nephrology #potassium
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Renal Failure Excessive Mg Administration - Massive PO intake
IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes ... #Management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... • Magnesium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome ... metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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