71 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... risk factors, and associated ... Microscopy #Urinary #Kidney ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Increased production
 • Solid-organ transplant
 • Tumor lysis syndrome
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Lesch Nyhan
Causes of Hyperuricemia ... Functionally normal kidneys ... filtration rate • Associated ... with chronic kidney ... Hyperuricemia #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions Associated ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Table ... #Differential #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
edema • Edema associated ... Hypertension • Edema associated ... stones caused by ... Hypertension • Edema associated ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... with previously stable ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... Hypertension associated ... Pregnancy-associated
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
potentially reversible kidney ... No structural kidney ... • Normal kidney ... Exclude other AKI causes ... • Associated with
Renal Infarction on POCUS

An illustrative case of renal infarction: Note that there is almost no color
Infarction on POCUS ... An illustrative case ... upper half of the kidney ... Renal #Infarction #POCUS ... clinical #ultrasound #kidney
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
pathophysiologic causes ... • Limited to Kidney ... Glomerulonephritis • With associated
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Regurgitation (MR) Causes ... disease: Most common cause ... Often associated ... changes, chronic kidney