12 results
TYPE I & TYPE II ERRORS 

SENSITIVITY & SPECIFICITY = SNOUT & SPIN 
Sensitive Tests that
TYPE I & TYPE II ... & SPECIFICITY = ... /ambcarerx #TypeI ... #TypeII #Type1 ... #Type2 #Errors #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... Classification #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... nephron dysfunction (type ... Potassium-sparing
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... tubular acidosis (type ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error ... • Recent IV potassium ... Failure • SLE • Type ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hypoaldosteronism: type ... : Blood draw error ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error ... • Recent IV potassium ... Failure • SLE • Type ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... intoxication - Hyperkalemic ... transplantation, type ... acidosis) #Hyperkalemia ... #Causes #diagnosis
USMLE Epidemiology and Biostatistics Summary
Meta-Analysis: pools data from several studies (greater power), limited by quality/bias of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics ... Proves cause-effect ... Specificity (rule ... measurements Type ... when it’s true Type
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium