14 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Assessment of volume status ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Causes of Altered Mental Status #Diagnosis #EM #IM #AMS #AlteredMentalStatus #Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Altered ... Mental Status # ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury 

#Diagnosis #Nephrology #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury #Causes #Differential #Workup #Algorithm #Ddxof
#Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #KidneyInjury #Causes ... #Differential #Workup ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
, weight loss, hypovolemia ... altered mental status ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM ... #IM #Endo #DKA ... #HHS #Ddxof
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Assess volume status ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... by UW IM Residency ... #Workup #urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Ddxof
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... remains unclear AND hypovolaemia ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Emergency Treatment Algorithm for Convulsive Status Epilepticus
1. ABCDEFG (ABC's and Don't Ever Forget the Glucose)
2. Airway:
Emergency Treatment Algorithm ... for reversible cause ... Midazolam 10 mg IM ... Epilepticus #Treatment #Algorithm ... #Management #Neurology