6 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... deposits - Post-infectious ... renal vein between aorta ... Bladder Causes ... • Infection (Viral
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Urinary Tract Infection ... Common): Indwelling catheter ... Urinary Tract Infection ... ("Cystitis"): Infection ... turbid urine +/- Hematuria
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
RF: neurogenic bladder ... indwelling urinary catheter ... Abdominal or flank ... present or signs of infection ... P May consider KUB
ED Treatment of 
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 

Hemodynamically unstable 
Resuscitation 
 • ABCs! 
 • Fluids +
pregnancy related cause ... with 26 French catheter ... increased risk of infection ... breast cancer, liver ... long-term therapy #AUB
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Typhoid fever (Step ladder ... resolution falling to normal ... Pyogenic/focal infection ... Causes: • Still's ... Brucellosis • Liver
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Common bacterial causes ... Pseudomonas Sources of infection ... of infection (cholecystitis ... endocarditis) - Portal ... sources within abdominal