11 results
Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrites on Urinalysis
Leukocyte Esterase: Urinary tract infection, Indwelling urinary catheter, Recent instrumentation of
Indwelling urinary catheter ... cystitis, Intra-abdominal ... Indwelling urinary catheter ... Esterase #Nitrites #comparison ... #Urinalysis #diagnosis
Peritoneal Dialysis vs Hemodialysis - Advantages and Disadvantages 
Peritoneal Dialysis:
 • Access: Abdominal wall insertion of
: Abdominal wall ... catheter into the ... Previous abdominal ... Bleeding from insertion ... #Hemodialysis #comparison
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
obstruction, neurogenic bladder ... Common): Indwelling catheter ... Enterococcus, Candida) -> Portal ... Fecal bacteria access ... of bladder or distal
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
RF: neurogenic bladder ... indwelling urinary catheter ... Abdominal or flank ... producing gas in bladder ... consider KUB or abdominal
Causes of Intrahepatic Gas
Non-Iatrogenic:
 • Biliary: Emphysematous cholecystitis, Ascending cholangitis, Enteric-biliary fistula, Biliary-bronchopleural fistula, Congenital incompetent
Oddi, Trauma • Portal ... Diverticulitis, Pelvic abscess ... abscess, Complicated ... Central venous catheter ... #differential #diagnosis
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Pyogenic liver abscess ... from contiguous focus ... endocarditis) - Portal ... sources within abdominal ... #differential #diagnosis
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
Lymphadenitis • Catheter ... Skin/Soft Tissue/Catheter ... Skin/Soft Tissue/Catheter ... (elevations of liver ... enzymes, diarrhea, abdominal
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome & Intrabdominal Pressure Measurement
APP (Abdominal Perfusion Pressure) = MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) -
POCUS) and function ... Foley urinary catheter ... Clamp catheter distal ... from the urinary catheter ... #Instructions #diagnosis
Measuring Bladder Pressure as a Surrogate for Intraabdominal Pressure - Procedure Instructions

1. Place the patient in
POCUS) and function ... Foley urinary catheter ... Clamp catheter distal ... from the urinary catheter ... Pressure #IAP #diagnosis
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
- Differential Diagnosis ... Typhoid fever (Step ladder ... Pyogenic/focal infection ... Brucellosis • Liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis