3179 results
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS) Testing - Hypercoagulable Workup Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Vascular thrombosis
maternal chromosomal causes ... and IgM • Beta ... and IgM • Phosphatidylserine ... and IgMa • Phosphatidylserine ... and IgMa • Prothrombin
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... , Quantitative IgA ... , IgG, IgM (CVID ... patients if the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... Warm" (usually IgG ... Cold" (usually IgM ... Extravascular #Causes
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... - Mediators: IgG ... / IgM - Antigen ... Mechanism of Action: IgG ... /lgM antibodies
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
: • Low serum IgG ... ) • Low serum IgA ... and/or IgM, age ... trough levels of IgG ... DDX - Other causes
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Cryoglobulins are Igs ... • They can cause ... Cryoglobulins Cause ... or polyclonal IgM ... • IgA vasculitis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
intralobular bile ducts causes ... up to 70% • IgM
You’ll notice there is an IgM and an IgG core antibody. The presence of IgM anti-HBc
notice there is an IgM ... The presence of IgM ... IgM anti-HBc is ... core antibody and IgM ... ) simply means IgM
Cryoglobulinemia Classification Types

Type 1: Monoclonal IgM (rarely IgG/lgA)
 • Raynaud phenomenon, Digital ulcers/gangrene, Livedo reticularis, Hyperviscosity
1: Monoclonal IgM ... may be seen when IgM ... 2: Monoclonal IgM ... 25%): Polyclonal IgM ... 3: Oligoclonal IgM
Subtypes of Serum Proteins

Pre-albumin (Transthyretin)
Albumin
Globulins
 • Alpha-1: Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Serum amyloid A, Ceruloplasmin, Corticosteroid-binding globulin (Transcortin),
Transferrin • Gamma: IgM ... , IgG, IgA, RF,