13 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... catheterization • BPH ... /Bladder (Upper ... #urology #nephrology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... , urethral or bladder ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
tubular necrosis (causes ... Postrenal: • Ureteral ... • Neurogenic bladder ... Medications • Benign ... prostatic hypertrophy (BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic ... inwards -> Prostatic urethral ... inflammation #BPH ... #Benign #Prostatic ... #Pharmacology #Urology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Benign Prostatic ... stones #BPH ... #Benign #Prostatic ... Pathophysiology #Urology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Benign paroxysmal ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
, Mild sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... • Persistent bladder ... nervous system signs ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)

Functional obstruction may be caused by detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), either at the level
Bladder outlet obstruction ... associated with pain syndromes ... ) or urethral stricture ... and severity of symptoms ... BOO include urethral
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Other brainstem syndromes ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
findings: • Symptoms ... and signs below ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology