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diagnosis causes hypokalemia algorithm management hyperkalemia treatment acidosis alkalosis chloride gitelman high k lactate lactic metabolic pathophysiology polyuria rhabdomyolysis syndrome
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... EABV, Low Plasma ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Weakness - Dark urine ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
of Polyuria - Differential ... • Central Dl (Low ... diseases, Hypoxic injury ... Polyuria Mimics (↑ urine ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... LV failure - Low ... #Differential # ... #typea #typeb #classification
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Cl; • ... correcting serum potassium ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
infarction, head injury ... Increased secretion of potassium ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
neuromuscular injury ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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