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diagnosis algorithm causes hypokalemia alkalosis hyperkalemia management metabolic chloride elevation high k lactate lactic pathophysiology syndrome treatment typea typeb urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... EABV, Low Plasma ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... lysis) ± Urine ... ) • Low K diet ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... #typea #typeb #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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