21 results
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Cotton Wool Spots ... Caused by microinfarcts ... Long DDx: hypertension ... #CottonWool #Spots ... #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Definitions - Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
1 STABLE ANGINA - Angina
rapidly over a short ... thrombus formation causes ... partial occlusion ... that results in injury ... in transmural injury
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... Hard Exudates • Occlusion ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Retinal Artery Occlusion ... Retinal Artery Occlusion ... -> Cherry-red spot ... retinal edema caused ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
infarcts from occlusions ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Anatomy: First branch of the internal carotid artery is the ophthalmic artery
Retinal Artery Occlusion ... ophthalmic artery which splits ... Causes: - Carotid ... also important cause ... #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Red Eye - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Redness in the eye can be caused by many conditions and
Common Causes: ... trauma • Chemical injury ... retinal artery occlusion ... Central retinal vein occlusion ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Fig. 8.  Surface marking to guide needle insertion. In the paramedian sagittal (PS) oblique view,
(L3–L4 in this case ... in turn on the ultrasound ... of the probe's long ... centered on the ultrasound ... and short edges
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... nodes • Roth’s spots ... Injury By: • Early ... due to vascular occlusion ... Treat underlying cause
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) on Ocular POCUS

This patient is likely presented with painless vision loss.
Retinal Artery Occlusion ... intra-arterial spot ... retinal artery occlusion ... POCUS #clinical #ultrasound ... #ophthalmology