9 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
or High Renin, ... or High Renin, ... Normal or High Aldosterone ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Hyperaldosteronism (Normal ... Aldosterone) ... or Low Renin, Normal ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... arrhythmias and paralysis ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low/Normal
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... , ↑ Aldosterone: ... , ↑ Aldosterone: ... #differential #algorithm
Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Different Causes of Meningitis

#CSF #Fluid #Analysis #Interpretation #Meningitis #Normal #Bacterial #Viral
Fluid in Different Causes ... #CSF #Fluid #Analysis ... Interpretation #Meningitis #Normal ... Bacterial #Viral #Comparison ... #Table #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Low aldosterone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... • Periodic paralysis ... Renin secreting ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
/Aldosterone, RTA ... excretion ± Renin ... /Aldosterone levels ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table