15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... Redistribution - Insulin ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin ... only if no clear cause ... ) • Low K diet ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... • Increases insulin-mediated ... agent • Does not cause ... causing lactic acidosis ... #Summary #DM2 #diabetes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology