16 results
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
500 cc/day in adults ... Anuria - ... output #oliguria #anuria ... #laboratory #shock ... #classification
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... Myelodysplasia #Anemia ... #MCV #Classification
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia ... #Classification
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... patients), "Hospital-acquired ... anemia" High MCV ... differential #diagnosis #causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
High Output Heart ... Congenital (e.g., HHT), Acquired ... Metabolism Severe Anemia ... cardionerds #High ... Diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
shallow breathing in adults ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Tachypnea: • Anemia ... Metabolic Causes ... • Hypovolemic shock
Pulse Abnormalities - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unequal/DeIayed:
 • Obstructive arterial disease (ie. Atherosclerosis)
 • Aortic dissection
 •
• Hypovolemic shock ... regurgitation • High ... Anemia, hypoglycemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... psychiatric changes), high ... MCV anemia (vegan ... evaluation: not required ... patients if the cause
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
undifferentiated shock ... is in impending shock ... perfusion - shock ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... #typea #typeb #classification
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Adult form: Less ... fractures of feet, thigh ... Low ALP in adult ... • Pernicious anemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes