9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... of High-anion Gap ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
show anion-gap metabolic ... Pulmonary edema, Shock ... Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
- Differential ... Exercise - Metabolic ... Acidosis - ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium ... #high
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment