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C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ... (CDI) - Diagnosis ... nosocomial infection ... IDSA 2021 CDI ... #Clostridium #Infection
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
immunodeficiency virus infection ... • >50,000 HIV infections ... within 28 days of infection ... Opportunistic infections ... /early infection
IDSA Recommendations for Treating Mucosal Candidiasis in HIV-AIDS
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: Initial Episodes (Duration of Therapy: 7–14 days)
Preferred
IDSA Recommendations ... 4–6 mL QID or 1– ... antifungals are required ... candida #mucosal #IDSA ... opportunistic #infections
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Triggering factor (infection ... Purtilo (XLP) Acquired ... HLH: • Infections ... Still disease, Infection ... Etiological+++: Anti-infectious
IDSA Recommendations for Preventing and Treating Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections in HIV-AIDS
Pre-Exposure Prevention of VZV
Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections ... of VZV Primary Infection ... of Varicella Infections ... Primary Varicella Infection ... opportunistic #infections
Capnocytophaga
Pathogen: Capnocytophaga
 • 9 species, C. canimorsus responsible for the majority of infections
 • Gram-negative rod,
the majority of infections ... Incubation period is 1- ... malaise • Septic shock ... Multiorgan failure: CID ... Treatment: • 50%
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Syndrome (GBS) Acute ... to a preceding infection ... • Most common infection ... jejuni • Other infections ... and cauda equina TREATMENT
Chagas Disease - American Trypanosomiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an infectious
Trypanosomiasis - Diagnosis ... trypanosomiasis) is an infectious ... family Route of infections ... weeks incubation Acute ... Tests - check Acute
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Disseminated Infections ... 50% in chronic infection ... infection MUCORMYCOSIS ... clinical forms: 1) ... fever • Septic shock
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
usually appear in 1- ... days after an acute ... • Management: 1. ... progressive inflammatory infection ... • Diagnosis: