64 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinical Pearls ... a mass as the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Traumatic • Ischemia ... Traumatic • Ischemia ... - Excesses • Liver ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... drawing blood (ischemia-induced ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... Maternal Support - Critical ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Drug Induced Liver ... Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm ... for alternative causes ... disease, Hepatic ischaemia ... Injury #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Portal venous gas on hepatic ultrasound: A concerning finding in the critically ill patient that should
gas on hepatic ultrasound ... i.e. mesenteric ischemia ... variety of other causes ... #hepatology #liver ... #pocus #clinical