10 results
Hepatitis B Virus Serology and Interpretation
HBsAg - Anti-HBs - Anti-HBc - HBeAg - Anti-HBe
 - Acute
Acute hepatitis ... B - Chronic hepatitis ... ) - Acute hepatitis ... False-positive; less commonly ... diagnosis #laboratory #hepatology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
for alternative causes ... , HBV, HCV, HEV, ... Hepatic ischaemia ... dechallenge • Acute ... #hepatology
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
Patterns of Liver ... 20x normal - Acute ... normal - Infection (EBV ... 5-10x normal - Chronic ... #Injury #hepatology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Causes of Acute ... , Acute biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Acute #algorithm ... #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Acute Liver Injury ... Vascular Causes ... of Acute Liver ... , HBV, HCV, HEV, ... #hepatology
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Causes of Diffuse ... Tuberculosis • Hepatitis ... Fatigue • Acute ... Age > 50 • Chronic ... #Causes #Hematology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
viral hepatitis ... > 2 • NASH, Chronic ... injury: > 3 • Chronic ... #chemistry #diagnosis ... #differential #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... • Alcoholic hepatitis ... Bile Ducts • Common ... #Causes
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Autoimmunity • Chronic ... disease • Liver ... diseases and hepatitis ... DDX - Other causes ... Malignancies • Chronic
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Viral infections (acute ... HIV, HBV, EBV, ... Sarcoidosis) • Liver ... inflammation (acute ... Comment on type