7 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Other • ATN: Ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... perfusion → renal ischemia ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
attention to volume status ... 3 questions to work ... Assess volume status ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia ... • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
/crush injury, ischemia ... reabsorption) Workup ... Optimize volume status ... ileus/obstruction (ischemia ... #potassium #nephrology