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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Incomplete/relief/treatment ... Nonpharmacologic Treatment ... Treatment - Antireflux ... Disease #diagnosis #management ... #Gastroenterology
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
sphincter to relax EGD ... GERD 2. ... , or endoscopic ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #gastroenterology
Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia - ACG Guidelines

Who to suspect?
 • Patients presenting with progressive dysphagia
Diagnosis and Management ... diagnosed with GERD ... • Endoscopy to look ... High resolution esophageal ... ACG #Guidelines #gastroenterology
Gastroenterology Endoscopy Tools and Accessories - A Visual Catalog for Trainees and Young Gastroenterologists
Biopsy Forceps:
Gastroenterology ... mucosa Stricture Management ... : • ACHALASIA BALLOON ... for palliative treatment ... #accessories #EGD
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Etiology: - Ischemia ... Obstruction with GERD ... Diagnosis: - EGD ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management ... #gastroenterology
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
biopsy, Recurrent acute ... pancreatitis (treatment ... Stone extraction, Endoscopic ... #Indications #management ... #gastroenterology
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
disorder such as achalasia ... weight loss or acute ... structural disorder → EGD ... Treatment • ... #gastroenterology
Acute Pancreatitis - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Epigastric abdominal pain (90%, characteristically
Acute Pancreatitis ... HyperCa2+ • Other: ERCP ... Familial, Infectious, Ischemia ... #Pancreatitis #Acute ... #Treatment #Gastroenterology
Evidence for Treatment of Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding
 • Octreotide (PMID: 11870374) - Endoscopic banding +
Evidence for Treatment ... of Acute Esophageal ... ) - No role in acute ... Bleeding #varices #management ... ebm #evidence #gastroenterology