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Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Definition
Presentation
Medical Management
Extraesophageal Symptoms
Long-Term PPI Issues
Diagnosis Algorithm
Refractory GERD
Surgical and Endoscopic
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... Surgical and Endoscopic ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease ... #Treatment #Algorithm ... #Gastroenterology
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... Incomplete/relief/treatment ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease ... #diagnosis #management ... #Gastroenterology
Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia - ACG Guidelines

Who to suspect?
 • Patients presenting with progressive dysphagia
Diagnosis and Management ... diagnosed with GERD ... • Endoscopy to look ... puckering of the EGJ ... ACG #Guidelines #gastroenterology
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
is due to diseases ... GERD 2. ... , or endoscopic ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #gastroenterology
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
Indications for ERCP ... pancreatitis (treatment ... Stone extraction, Endoscopic ... #Indications #management ... #gastroenterology
Gastroenterology Endoscopy Tools and Accessories - A Visual Catalog for Trainees and Young Gastroenterologists
Biopsy Forceps:
Gastroenterology ... mucosa Stricture Management ... : • ACHALASIA BALLOON ... patients with achalasia ... for palliative treatment
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Endoscopy (ASGE 2015) 

Give Antibiotics: 
 - PEG tube placement (or PEG-J)
Prophylaxis for Endoscopy ... congenital heart disease ... #EGD #Indications ... #Gastroenterology ... #Management
Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) Infection - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook
Presentation: Dyspepsia / Peptic Ulcer
/ Peptic Ulcer Disease ... Diagnosis: • Endoscopic ... Test or repeat EGD ... #Treatment #quadruple ... quadrupletherapy #gastroenterology
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Necrosis Etiology: - Ischemia ... Obstruction with GERD ... Diagnosis: - EGD ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management ... #gastroenterology
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
disorder such as achalasia ... stroke, Parkinson disease ... structural disorder → EGD ... Treatment • ... #gastroenterology