25 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... causes upregulation ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... a mass as the cause ... • Diabetes Mellitus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Growth Discrepancy: Large for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Maternal Factors:
 • Multiparity
 •
Causes of Growth ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... co-morbidities (e.g. diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Obstetrics
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... Signs/Symptoms ... /Complications: ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... #genetics #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
musculoskeletal causes ... genitourinary causes ... • Mesenteric ischemia ... disease (e.g., Diabetic ... Irritable bowel syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
and Management Algorithm ... Reduces Risk of Complications ... • Presence of complications ... • Secondary Causes ... Endocrinopathies (Cushing Syndrome
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... Glycosylation - AGE cause ... Oxidative stress, Ischemia ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications