23 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... causes upregulation ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... fluffy white ischemic ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Retina: Diabetic retinopathy ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... a mass as the cause ... Cannot Abduct • Ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... neurologic symptoms/signs ... • Transient Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... drawing blood (ischemia-induced ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Classification Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... #Shock #Types #Pathophysiology ... #Comparison #criticalcare
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
focal melting) -> Retinopathy ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm