24 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retina and flame ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... nerve layer -> Flame ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Imbalance, neurologic symptoms ... /signs, bidirectional ... • Transient Ischemic
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... AKI, acute limb ischemia ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
Disorders Testing Algorithm ... for secondary causes ... glucocorticoid treatment ... organ-specific signs ... or symptoms (eg
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm ... suspected: • Signs ... and symptoms of ... unresponsive to treatment ... without discernable cause
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
triangular patches of foamy ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... - Myocardial ischemia ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis