76 results
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
inhabitants 3rd leading cause ... macular edema, secondary ... glaucoma and retinal ischemia ... Causes of uveitis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... Hypertension #Causes ... #Pathophysiology ... Primary #Essential #Secondary
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... Localized retinal ischemia ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic ... APS), Secondary
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Cardiovascular Causes ... Aortic Stenosis - Ischemic ... Angina - Non-lschemic ... / Mediastinal Causes ... - Neurologic/Psychiatric
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary ... ↓Phosphate • Secondary ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... #PTH #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... embolism • Cardiac ischemia ... Hematologic Causes ... acidosis of any cause ... • Sepsis • Psychiatric
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... Cannot Abduct • Ischemia ... unreactive pupil • Ischemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
Differential Diagnosis Ischemia ... disease (anterior ischemic ... Caused by decreased ... Ocular causes - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology