45 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... #ophthalmology
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
body, vitreous, retina ... secondary glaucoma and retinal ... ischemia Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology ... #Rheumatology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... • Diabetes Mellitus ... • Diabetes Mellitus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Cardiovascular and renal effects comparison between SGLT-2 inhibitors
 - Canagliflozin (Invokana)
 - Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
 - Empagliflozin
Cardiovascular and renal ... effects comparison ... (Steglatro) #diabetes ... cardiovascular #renal ... SGLT2i #Inhibitors #pharmacology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
Differential Diagnosis Ischemia ... disease (anterior ischemic ... Caused by decreased ... Ocular causes - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology