25 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... spread • Sub-retinal ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... is unconscious, signs ... New or evolving regional ... Guidelines for crises ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Diagnosis and workup ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... (parkinsonian signs ... Dementia - 2nd cause ... Unique or multiple ischemic
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... damage such as retinal ... bruit or signs ... #Hypertension #Workup
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... the optic nerve caused ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology