22 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... #ophthalmology
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam

Carpopedal spasm caused by ischemia induced by an inflated blood
Trousseau's Sign ... Carpopedal spasm caused ... by ischemia induced ... #Trousseaus #Sign ... clinical #video #endocrinology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Vein Occlusion, Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
edema caused by ... ischemia results ... axons death due to ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
of the terminal retinal ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... shock, Myocardial ischemia ... Hyperglycemia, Diabetic ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis #Signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... is unconscious, signs ... New or evolving regional ... breathlessness, dizziness, nausea ... Guidelines for crises